In non-life insurance, the premium valuation, loss and claim of insurance are the core issue, and to consider the premium pricing must first know the loss distribution.

在非寿险中，保费计价、损失理赔是保险业务的核心问题，而给保费定价首先必须知道所考虑险种的损失分布。

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Not until page 111 of the 2010 10-K does one see details on how the companies loan loss reserves, aka valuation allowances change.

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Much of the loss came from changes in the valuation of RBS's debt.

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While the bottom lines are being cushioned with loan loss reserves releases and accounting maneuvers like debt valuation adjustments the revenue number tells a more honest story.

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